IMPORTANT TERMS

• Food - Food is a substance eaten by us to do work, grow, maintain our body and remain healthy.
• Meal - The food that is consumed at a particular time of a day is called a meal.
• Dish - A particular preparation of food, served as a part of a meal is called as dish.
• Ingredients - The substances which are combined to make a particular dish is called ingredients.
• Menu - The list of food items served at a meal is known as meal.
• Breakfast - Morning meal is known as breakfast.
• Brunch - Breakfast + lunch = brunch.
• Lunch - Lunch is eaten around mid -day, usually between 11am and 2 pm.
• Dinner - Dinner is eaten around evening or early night between 7 pm to 9pm.
• Food Variety - We eat different varieties of food like rice pulse bread, butter, rice.
• Balance diet - A balanced diet proves essential for good health because it provides nutrients your body relies on to function properly but can't produce on its own.
• Sprouts - When seeds begin to grow or germinate by developing tiny roots, they are called sprouts.
• Nectar - A sugary fluid secreted within flowers to encourage pollination by insects and other animals, which is collected by bees to make into honey is known as nectar.
• Beehives - Beehives are box like structures in which bees are kept.
• Honeycombs - Combs are a part of beehives.
• Queen Cell - Queen Cell is a place where mated adult queen bees lives.
• Apiary - The place used for the rearing of honey bees is called as apiary.
• Carrion - Dead part of animals is called as carrion.
• Pisciculture - Rearing and management of fish on a large scale is known as pisiculture.
• Grazer - Animals that feed on growing grass and pasturage are called as grazers.
• Browsers - Animal that feed barks and green stem from plants are called as browsers.
• Predator - An animal that naturally prey on other animals are called as predator.

SOURCE OF FOOD: - Most of the foods we eat come from plants and animal. So, the main sources of our food are:

• Plants – Plants are the source of food materials like cereals (wheat, maize, rice, sorghum, millet, etc.), pulses, oils, vegetables, fruits, spices, tea, sugar and coffee.
• Animals – animals provide us food materials such as milk, egg, chicken, meat, fish and honey.

 

PLANT PARTS AS FOOD

1. Plant Root as Food-         Some plants store food in their roots. For example, carrots, radish, beet, sweet potato and turnips.

1.  Plants Stems as Food-     Some plants store their food in their stems. For example, onion, potato, ginger, garlic, and turmeric.

1. Plants Leaves as Food- We eat many leafy vegetables. For example, spinach, mustard plant, cabbage, lettuce.

1. Flower as Food- The flowers of some plants are eaten as food. For example, flower of Banana plant, flower of Pumpkin plant, Sunflower, Gladiolus, Dandelion, jasmine.

1. Fruits as Food- There are some plants which store food in their fruits. For example, apples, mango, pears, banana, grapes and pomegranate, etc., which we eat as food are all fruits of their plants. The vegetables such as tomatoes, brinjal, lady’s finger, pumpkin and chili, etc, which we eat are also fruits of their respective plants.

1. Seed as Food- Some of the plants store food in their seeds. For example, the food grains such as wheat, maize, sorghum, millet, gram, peas and pulses, are all seeds of their plants. The groundnut, mustard and soyabean are also seeds.

 

ANIMAL PRODUCTS AS FOOD

1. Milk- An important animal product which is used as food is milk. It can also be converted into other useful product such as butter, ghee, curd, and cheese.
2. Egg- It is obtained from poultry animals. They are good source of protein.
3. Chicken and Mutton- Chicken and mutton are also known as red meat. They are good source of fat and proteins.
4. Fish- fish gives us cod liver oil which is good source of vitamin – A.
5. Honey-Honey is called ‘madhu’ or ‘shahad’ in Hindi. It works as antioxidants which helps us to look young.

FOODS OF ANIMALS

ANIMALS                   FOODS

Cow                             GRASS

GOAT                           GREAN LEAVES

DOGS                          FLESH, MILK, CHAPATI AND BREAD

RAT                              GRAIN

LION                            FLESH

BEAR                           FRUIT AND SMALL FOREST ANIMAL

RABBIT                        LEAVES OF PLANTS

ELEPHANT                  GRASS AND GREEN PLANTS

FROG                           INSECTS AND WORMS

PIGEONS                    GRAINS

INSECTS                      LEAVES AND GRAINS

CROW                         GRAINS AND INSECTS

FISH                             SMALL AQUATIC ANIMALS

BUTTERFLY                NECTAR FROM FLOWER

SQIRREL                      GRAINS

 

FOOD PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS

Photosynthesis- The green plants make their own food by the process of photosynthesis.

Producers- Plants can make their own food; they are called ‘food Producer’. All green plants are good producers.

Consumers- Animals are unable to make their own food by the process of photosynthesis. Animal only consume food made by others, they are called ‘food consumers’.

 

Animals obtain their food from plants or other Animals

On the basis of their food habits, all the animals can be divided into three groups:

1. Herbivores- Those animal which eat only plants are herbivores. For example, Goat, Cow, Buffalo, Horse, Deer, Camel, Elephant, Giraffe, Monkey, Rabbit, Parrot and Hippopotamus.
2. Carnivores- Those animals which eat only animals are called omnivores. For example Lion, Tiger, Frog, Vulture, Kingfisher and Dragonfly.
3. Omnivores- Those animal which eat both, plants and animals, are called omnivores. For example, Man, Dog, Cat, Pig, Ant, Sparrow and Crow.

INTERESTING FACTS

1. Worker bees are the most familiar-looking member of the honeybee hive, as they make up about 99% of each colony's population.
2. One queen bee is found per hives
3. Pigeon yield false milk in their neck known as crop milk.
4. India is called as ‘the Land of Spices’. No country in the world produces as many varieties of spices as India.
5. Staple ingredients of Indian cuisine like potato, tomato and chilli don't have Indian origin. They were brought to India by the Portuguese. They also introduced us to refined sugar.
6. The first Indian restaurant in the USA was opened in the mid 1960s. Today, there are around 80,000 Indian restaurants in America.
7. Chicken Tikka Masala, a popular dish in India, is not Indian. It was invented in Glasgow, Scotland.
8.  According to Indian Food Theory, our food has 6 different flavours: sweet, salty, bitter, sour, astringent and spicy.
9. Pepper is known as the king of spices because it goes well with everything.
10. Indian food system classifies food into three categories -Saatvic (fresh vegetables and juice), Raajsic (oily and spicy food) and Taamsic (Meat and liquor).