IMPORTANT TERMS

 

Object                   - A thing that can be seen and touched is called an object.

 

Material                - The matter, of which an object is made is called material.

 

Solubility              - The maximum amount of substance which can dissolve in 100grams of water at a given temperature, is known as solubility of that substance in water.

 

Magnetism           - The material which are attracted towards magnet are known as magnetic material.

 

CLASSIFICATION OF OBJECTS

The sorting of object into groups, with each group having its own characteristic properties, is called classification of objects.

 

Basis of classification- The classification of various objects into groups can be done on the basis of their similarities and dissimilarities such as:

Living or Non-living;

Plant or Animal;

Nature of Material;

Natural or Man-Made;

Physical Properties.

 

 

Classification of object as Living and Non- living –  All living objects need food, water and air for their survival whereas non-living objects do not require them.

 

Living Objects	Non- Living Objects
Dog	Table
Algae	Clothes
Hydrilla	Pencil
Earthworm	Shoes
Tree	Blackboard
Fish	Wool
Hen	Feather
Cactus	Knife
Rose	Feather

 

 

Classification of Living Objects as Plants and Animals –

 

Plants	Animals
Rose	Dog
Hydrilla	Grasshopper
Catcus	Earthworm
Tree	Fish
Algae	Hen

 

Classification of material as Natural and Man-made.

 

Synthetic Substance        - Man mad substances are known as synthetic substances which may be hard or soft as plastic and sponge respectively.

Natural Substance           - Natural occurring substances are known as Natural substance, which may be hard and soft as wood and butter respectively.

 

NATURAL MATERIAL	MAN-MADE MATERIAL
Wood	Iron
Coal	Stainless steel
Rocks	Cement
Mineral	Plastic
Water	Paper
Gold	Paints
Petroleum	Nylon
Salt	Brass

 

 

Classification of Non-Living Objects – The non-living objects can be classified on the basis of the material, of which they are made.

 

Object made of Wood	Object made of Metals	Objects made of Glass	Object made of Plastics
Table	Nail	Test- tube	Toy
Chair	Magnet	Mirror	Ruler
Door	Utensils	Funnel	Polythene

 

Material- The matter, of which an object is made is called material.

 

Material	Objects
Wood	Table, Chair, Doors, Windows, Book-rack.
Iron	Nail, Buckets, Machines, Pipes, and Utensils.
Copper	Electric wires, Utensils, Coins, Boiler.
Paper	Books, Note- book, Newspaper.
Cotton	Fabric, Pillows, Mattresses, Quilts, Wicks
Leather	Shoes, Bags, Purse, suitcase, Sofa.
Glass	Tumbler, Mirror, Window-pane, Beaker.

 

 

Classification of materials based on physical properties - The material are classified on the basis of certain properties such as uses, colour, shape, size, appearance, hardness and texture etc.

 

Appearance          - Hardness and roughness or smoothness is the appearance of materials.

Lustre                    - Those materials which have shiny appearance are said to have lustre.

Dull material        -Those materials which have dull appearance are said to have no lustre.

Hard material       -Those material which cannot be easily compressed, cut, bent or scratched, are called hard material.

Soft material        -Those material which can be easily compressed, cut, bent or scratched, are called soft material.

Transparent          -Those material through which we can see clearly are called transparent material.

Translucent          - Those material through which we cannot see clearly are called translucent material.

Opaque                 - Those material through which we cannot see at all are called opaque material.

Malleability          - Malleability is the physical ability of a metal to be hammered into thin sheets. For example gold and silver are highly malleable.

Ductility                - Ductility is the physical ability of a metal to be easily drawn into thin wire. For example Gold and Silver.

Corrosion              - Metallic objects lose their lustre due to the property of corrosion in the presence of air and moisture.

Sonority                - Property of metals by which they produce ringing sound is called sonority. For example iron aluminum, etc.

Combustible         - The substance that easily burns is called combustible. For example kerosene, wood paper etc.

Miscibility             - Liquid that are soluble in water are said to be miscible and this property of liquid are known as miscibility.

Conductor            - Conductors are the substance or device which readily conduct electricity and heat. For example copper and iron.

Insulator               - Insulators are the substance or device which does not readily conduct electricity and heat. For example wood and plastic.

 

 

INTERESTING FACTS

• The average time for a plastic bottle to completely degrade is about 450 years.
• Graphite is a non-metal but still it is a good conductor of electricity.
• Mercury is a metal but it is liquid at room temperature.
• Diamond is the hardest known material.
• you can melt the metal gallium in the palm of your hand,
• The word metal comes from the Greek word 'Metallon', which means quarry or to mine.
• The most abundant metal in the universe is iron, followed by magnesium.